The big squeeze: More renters and fewer affordable apartments
by Funcionários do Fundo de Empréstimo Comunitário
on June 21, 2013
The ability to explain complicated matters simply, but without oversimplifying, is a rare talent.
If anything qualifies as "complicated" it's surely affordable housing policy. The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco recently published a short, but extremely clear and compelling, overview of the problems faced by advocates and developers trying to meet the growing need for affordable rental housing.
The article, "Challenges for Affordable Housing in an Age of Scarcity," begins with some unsettling statistics (no surprise there—affordable housing statistics are almost always unsettling):
"Nearly a quarter of all U.S. working households, and over 80 percent of the nation's lowest-income working renter households ... [spend] at least 50 percent of their income on housing costs. Since 2007, the number of renter households experiencing severe housing cost burdens surged by 43.5 percent, or 2.5 million households; the same measure rose just 3.2 percent between 2001 and 2003."
The article goes on to identify, and then to explain in remarkably lucid terms, four key issues at the root of the problem:
First, despite falling housing prices, tightened lending standards and purchases of large numbers of homes by investors are keeping lower-income households from taking advantage of these new ownership opportunities.
Second, the foreclosure crisis and changing demographics (read "the growing number of poor households") have swelled the population of renter households. Many of them cannot afford much of the rental housing currently on the market, increasing the competition for a much-smaller number of affordable rental units. (Reality check: Although the average cost to buy a house has fallen significantly, most rents haven't budged; those that have changed have actually risen.)
Third, the cost to develop affordable housing is rising at the same time that public subsidies for developing affordable housing are falling. This trend began before the sequester but has been exacerbated by it.
Fourth, the majority of housing subsidies benefit higher-income homeowners rather than households with the greatest need.
None of this is news to those of us who following these trends. For those who don't, this article is a superb primer on the many interlocking problems that keep affordable housing advocates and developers up nights and have produced the persistently high levels of homelessness we have seen in the last decade.
By the New Hampshire Community Loan Fund's Multi-Family Housing office.